The three sets of ribs between these and the upper seven are attached with costal cartilage to rib set seven, and are therefore indirectly connected to the sternum Marieb, The spaces between the ribs are known as the intercostal spaces. Bogduk, N. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Marieb, E. Martini, F. Tortora, G. Waugh, A. London: Churchill Livingstone. Sign in or Register a new account to join the discussion. You are here: Archive. The skeletal system: The axial skeleton. Hacking, C.
Axial skeleton. Reference article, Radiopaedia. URL of Article. Gray's Anatomy. Churchill Livingstone. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon. Related articles: Anatomy: General. These regions allow the skull to enlarge to accommodate the growing brain. The sphenoidal, mastoid, and posterior fontanelles close after two months, while the anterior fontanelle may exist for up to two years.
As fontanelles close, sutures develop. Skull sutures are immobile joints where cranial bones are connected with dense fibrous tissue. Inside the petrous part of the temporal bone are the three smallest bones of the body: the malleus, incus, and stapes. These three bones articulate with each other and transfer vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.
The laryngeal skeleton , also known as the larynx or voice box, is composed of nine cartilages. It is located between the trachea and the root of the tongue. The hyoid bone provides an anchor point. The movements of the laryngeal skeleton both open and close the glottis and regulate the degree of tension of the vocal folds, which—when air is forced through them—produce vocal sounds.
The vertebral column is a flexible column formed by a series of 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. Commonly referred to as the spine, the vertebral column extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis. The spinal cord passes from the foramen magnum of the skull through the vertebral canal within the vertebral column. The mandible controls the opening to the airway and gut. In animals with teeth, the mandible brings the surfaces of the teeth in contact with the maxillary teeth.
The vertebral column , or spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and acts as an attachment point for the ribs and muscles of the back and neck. The adult vertebral column comprises 26 bones: the 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx bones.
In the adult, the sacrum is typically composed of five vertebrae that fuse into one. The coccyx is typically 3—4 vertebrae that fuse into one. Around the age of 70, the sacrum and the coccyx may fuse together. We begin life with approximately 33 vertebrae, but as we grow, several vertebrae fuse together. The adult vertebrae are further divided into the 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 5 lumbar vertebrae Figure 4. Figure 4. Each vertebral body has a large hole in the center through which the nerves of the spinal cord pass.
There is also a notch on each side through which the spinal nerves, which serve the body at that level, can exit from the spinal cord. The vertebral column is approximately 71 cm 28 inches in adult male humans and is curved, which can be seen from a side view. The names of the spinal curves correspond to the region of the spine in which they occur.
The thoracic and sacral curves are concave curve inwards relative to the front of the body and the cervical and lumbar curves are convex curve outwards relative to the front of the body.
0コメント